Pioneer Spine and Sport Physicians, Spine Surgeons, East Longmeadow, Northampton, West Springfield, Lenox, MA » Spine » Spine Conditions » Neck Pain

Neck Pain

Cervical Anatomy

The first 7 vertebral bones on the spinal column form the cervical spine and are in the neck region. The neck bears the weight of the head, allows significant amount of movement, and is less protected than other parts of the spine. All these factors make the neck more susceptible to injury or other painful disorders.

What is Neck Pain?

Common neck pain may occur from muscle strain or tension in everyday activities including poor posture, prolonged use of a computer and sleeping in an uncomfortable position.

Causes of Neck Pain

The most common cause of neck pain is injury to the soft tissues (muscles, ligaments or nerves) or prolonged wear and tear. Traumatic accidents or falls and contact sports can cause severe neck injuries causing pain in the neck. Neck pain can also come from infections, tumors or congenital abnormalities of the vertebrae. Common conditions producing neck pain include:

Rheumatoid arthritis: It is an auto-immune disease in which the body's immune system attacks healthy joints, tissues and organs. The condition occurs most often in the upper neck area causing inflammation of the lining (or synovium) of joints resulting in neck pain, stiffness, swelling and loss of function.
Cervical disc herniation: Disc herniation is the bulging or rupture of the soft fibrous tissue, discs, cushioning the vertebrae. Cervical disc herniation refers to herniation of discs in the cervical spine region or neck region. Because of this the soft central portion called nucleus pulposus bulges out through the tear in the capsule. The condition can be caused by the normal aging or by traumatic injury to the spine. The condition is often painless but can result in painful, burning, tingling or numbing sensations in the neck or upper extremity.
Cervical spondylosis: Cervical spondylosis refers to abnormal degeneration of the cartilage and bones in the neck region. The condition results in neck pain radiating to arms or shoulder and neck stiffness that gets worse over time.
Cervical stenosis: Cervical stenosis refers to narrowing of the spinal canal that protects the spinal cord and its branching nerves. The condition causes neck pain radiating to arms and hands.
Degenerative disc disease: Degenerative disc disease refers to gradual deterioration of the disc between the vertebrae and is caused due to aging. As people age, intervertebral discs lose their flexibility, elasticity and shock absorbing characteristics, resulting in neck pain.

Diagnosis of Neck Pain

Diagnosis of neck pain is made with a physical examination and other modalities including electromyography (EMG), X-ray, MRI scan, CT scan and blood tests.

Treatment Options for Neck Pain

Treatment options include rest, ice application and elevation or use of a soft neck collar. Medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics and muscle relaxants may be prescribed to reduce the pain and inflammation. Physical therapy and sometimes injections can be helpful.

Surgical treatment by anterior cervical discectomy with spinal fusion is typically recommended only after non-surgical treatment methods fail to relieve the pain. An anterior cervical discectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove a herniated or degenerative disc in the cervical (neck) spine. Spinal fusion may be performed to provide stability to the spine. Surgical treatment is generally much more effective for cervical conditions that cause arm symptoms and is rarely recommended for neck pain alone.

Prevention of Neck Pain

The following steps may help you prevent or improve your neck pain:

Practice relaxation exercises to prevent undesirable stress and tension to the neck muscles
Perform stretching exercisesfor your neck before and after exercise
Keep good postureif you work at a computer and adjust the monitor at your eye level. Stretch your neck frequently.
If you use the telephone a lot, use a headset
Use a pillow that keeps your neck straight

Wear seat belts and use bike helmets to reduce injuries